Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and Its Composition

A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. Printed circuit boards are used in virtually all but the simplest commercially produced electronic devices.

A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB Assembly (PCBA). In informal use the term "PCB" is used both for bare and assembled boards, the context clarifying the meaning. Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction. PCBs must initially be designed and laid out, but become cheaper, faster to make, and potentially more reliable for high-volume production since production and soldering of PCBs can be automated. Much of the electronics industry's PCB design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by standards published by the IPC organization. You can buy custom pcb from professional manufacturers.

The basic components of the circuit board PCB mainly has the following composition Pattern: the line is conduction. The design will also have a large copper surface as ground and power planes. The line drawing is made at the same time. Dielectric: is used to maintain the insulation between the lines and the respective layers, commonly known as the substrate, such as double sided pcb. Through hole / via: vias line above the two levels can be turned to each other, the larger vias, as part plug with another non-conductive hole (nPTH) typically used as a surface paste installed fixed positioning, assembly screws. Solder resistant / Solder Mask: not all of the copper surface should have tin on parts, non-tin area, will be printed on the copper surface layer of isolation material (usually epoxy) which iseating tin, avoid eat non-tin line between short-circuit. Depending on the process, the materials are divided into green oil, oil, blue oil. Legend / Marking / Silk screen: This non-necessary part’s main function is name of the label the parts on the circuit board, the location box, easy assembly, maintenance and identification. Surface Finish: Because the copper surface in the general environment is easy oxidized which can cause not on the tin (solder) and therefore will eat tin copper surface protection. The protection ways are HASL, ENIG, silver (Immersion Silver), tin (Immersion Tin), and OSP. All the methods have advantages and disadvantages and are collectively referred to as surface treatment.

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